Structural studies of TAL effectors encourage understanding of the DNA code recognition mechanism by the repeat variable diresidues (RVDs) enables a huge
number of powerful applications such as genome editing and targeted gene
activation or repression (Joung JK et. al, 2012).
All these are done by tethering TAL effectors to a variety of effector domains (Jeffrey C Miller, 2011). Genome editing can be done by attaching TALE's to a DNA cutting protein such as FokI nuclease, forming TAL effector nucleases (TALENs). TALE's are being used rather than other DNA binding proteins because of the simplicity of its DNA recognition code and manipulable targeting mechanism.
All these are done by tethering TAL effectors to a variety of effector domains (Jeffrey C Miller, 2011). Genome editing can be done by attaching TALE's to a DNA cutting protein such as FokI nuclease, forming TAL effector nucleases (TALENs). TALE's are being used rather than other DNA binding proteins because of the simplicity of its DNA recognition code and manipulable targeting mechanism.
Engineered nucleases such as TALENs are powerful tools for genome editing based on their ability to recognize specific sequences within the genome. TALENs enable scientist to carry out gene knock-out (gene disruption), gene correction and DNA insertion techniques by allowing changes to be done on genome at precise points where scientist choose, even inside existing genes.
Since each TALE regonises one DNA base, polymers of TAL effectors can be synthesized to recognize just about any DNA sequence in the genome. TALENs are a very promising therapeutic application which enables specific correction to be done on mutated chromosomes (Tong S. et al, 2012).
A video showing some of the applications of TAL effectors. (Video courtesy of Life Technologies Cooperation):
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